In pancreatic cancer, one of the most deadly cancers in occidental countries, MUC4 is neo-expressed in the preneoplastic stages and thereafter is involved in cancer cell properties leading to cancer progression and chemoresistance.
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3), a protein tyrosine phosphatase, is highly expressed in multiple human cancers and strongly implicated in tumor progression and cancer metastasis.
The tomato diet significantly inhibited TNFα stimulated NF-κB activity in cultured PC3 cells, and modulated the expression of genes associated with inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer progression.
The majority of reports on cathepsin B expression in tumors have focused on measurements of activity or protein staining.In some tumors, e.g. gliomas, a correlation between the amounts of cathepsin B mRNA, protein and activity and tumor progression has been established.
The HSP27 expression is enhanced in many tumor cells, implying that it is involved in tumor progression and the development of treatment resistance in various tumors, including lung cancer.
The results suggest that expression of CD44 in these cutaneous epithelial tumors is not related to malignant transformation, but instead may be related to tumor progression and the ability to metastasize.
SATB-1 was verified to be overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining, which correlated with tumor progression and clinical prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.
These findings suggest that c-MET overexpression in HA is not an early event in hepatocarcinogenesis, but constitutes a divergent molecular pathway leading to neoplastic change compared to overexpression observed in the late stages of tumour progression.
These findings indicate that decreased Grhl3 expression contributes to tumor progression and upregulation of the oncomir miR-21 in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
Except for tumor progression, pathological processes including procoagulant activities, preeclamptic placentas, inflammation and so on are all verified to be associated with heparanase activity.
Analysis of prostate cancer (n = 134) and benign prostate (n = 83) tissue sample showed significantly decreased miR145 and increased BNIP3 expression in prostate cancer (P < 0.001), particularly in those with tumor progression, and both molecular changes were associated with unfavorable outcome.
Although a recently performed phase II trial applying celecoxib failed overall to halt tumour progression in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the two cases with partial or complete remission noted in this study were related to tumours with immunohistochemically proven strong COX-2 expression.
These CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes were suggested to enhance tumour progression as this subpopulation possesses (i) high expression of adhesion molecules (CD11c, CD49d, and CD54) and scavenger receptor (CD163), which enable them to adhere strongly to endothelial cells, and (ii) that peripheral blood monocytes from CCA patients express high levels of growth and angiogenic factor-related genes (epiregulin, VEGF-A and CXCL3).
Therefore, high CD147 and c‑Jun expression may serve roles in tumor progression and may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets in UCB whether alone or in combination.
In addition, the up-regulation of BIGH3 and PAI-1 was found to correlate with the clinicopathological parameters associated with a poorer patient outcome, whereas TGF-beta1 expression was determined to be unrelated to cancer progression.